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X/2/2019
INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA
NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY
homepage: http://www.iansa.eu
Look into region
The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute
(ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
Andreas G. Heiss
a*
, Alfred Galik
a
, Michelle Gamble
a
, Magdalena Srienc
a
, Sabine Ladstätter
a
a
Austrian Archaeological Institute, Vienna, Franz Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
1. Introduction
The ÖAI has a strong technical-scientifc emphasis, currently
represented by the research felds of bioarchaeology
and geoarchaeology, as well as material sciences and
archaeometry. What distinguishes the ÖAI from other
research institutions with biological anthropology,
archaeozoology or archaeobotany, is the licenced excavations,
which are organised as long-term research platforms, and
are open to both national and international cooperation
partners. This creates a dynamic relationship between the
archaeological sciences and archaeological excavation,
permitting archaeologists and specialists the opportunity to
integrate their work from the feld to the laboratory. After its
foundation in 1898 (Kandler and Wlach, 1998), the ÖAI has
seen a signifcant increase in interest in bioarchaeological
research, mainly over the last sixty years. This is expressed
by a number of co-operations with external researchers and
institutions which has been published in detail by M. Binder
et al.
(2018).
2. Foundation of the department
Continuing its long tradition of research, and after several
changes of afliations, the ÖAI became an institute of the
Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) in 2016, embedded
into the Research Cluster of Archaeology and Classics
(ClAC). It was decided that a main focus of the future
Academy institute should be the establishment of an in-
house bioarchaeology unit, making its foundation one of the
core elements of the integration contract. In October 2016,
the Department of Bioarchaeology was fnally established at
the ÖAI (Binder
et al.
, 2018).
Albeit considered a standard constellation in many other
countries, in Austria the integration of archaeobotanical,
archaeozoological and biological anthropological expertise
under the roof of an archaeological research institution has
never been established. This is even more surprising as the
Austrian traditions of ancient studies and of archaeology
have always been based on interdisciplinarity.
The underlying philosophy of the ÖAI’s new department is
the fostering of a problem-centred approach towards research
questions of cultural anthropology: one that transcended
Volume X ● Issue 2/2019 ● Pages 167–175
*Corresponding author. E-mail: andreas.heiss@oeai.at
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received: 10
th
November 2019
Accepted: 26
th
November 2019
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.24916/iansa.2019.2.6
Key words:
environmental archaeology
biological anthropology
archaeozoology
archaeobotany
bioarchaeology
Austria
transdisciplinary research unit
ABSTRACT
Bioarchaeological research in Austria has largely been characterised by the lack of institutionalisation
for nearly a century. In contrast to the long tradition of biological anthropology research facilities,
archaeobotanical and archaeozoological positions only became established in a period from the 1970s
till the early 1990s. Forming a cornerstone of the Austrian Archaeological Institute’s integration process
into the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the establishment of ÖAI’s Department for Bioarchaeology in
2016 marks the frst time in 40 years that such a bioarchaeological research unit has been successfully
established as new. The department unites researchers in archaeobotany, archaeozoology and biological
anthropology under the same roof, and is embedded into the research infrastructure of the country’s
largest non-university research institution.
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Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology
at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
168
disciplinary and methodological borders. Aside from the
positive efects on communication and cooperation between
the Department for Bioarchaeology and all historical-cultural
units of the institute, synergies with the Department for
Restoration and Conservation have proven to be extremely
benefcial, due to the exchange of ideas, the possibility of
supporting bioarchaeological work and archiving with the
latest material knowledge, and the general optimization of
workfows. This fact ensures a high degree of efciency in the
development and implementation of bioarchaeological and
prehistorical and historical research aspects and strategies.
Cross-disciplinary collaborations within the institute have
led to rather unexpected and extremely useful outcomes, one
of them being the generation of photogrammetric models of
charred organic food remains (Heiss
et al.
, 2019b; 2019c).
The Department for Bioarchaeology encompasses
three Research Groups (RG): RG Anthropology and
Necropoleis, RG Archaeozoology, and RG Archaeobotany.
In contrast to other institutions, the department is decidedly
not intended as a mere biosciences service centre (or “Core
Facility” as termed in Austrian academia). Quite the contrary,
aside from the close integration into the ÖAI’s excavations
with a focus on classical archaeology, the department’s
three research groups have their own distinct diachronic
and interdisciplinary research agendas. While there is more
information on the ÖAI website regarding the research
groups (see below for links), we will present some of the
research underway at the Department for Bioarchaeology by
geographical area.
3. Geographical areas of research
3.1 Central Europe
A major highlight is the role of the ÖAI in the joint eforts
to reinstate the Austrian research of prehistoric lakeshore
settlements (UNESCO World Heritage “Prehistoric Pile
Dwellings around the Alps”), fostered and directed by the
Kuratorium Pfahlbauten
and the Federal Museum of Upper
Austria (Heiss and Jakobitsch, 2018). Within the framework
of the projects “
Zeitensprung
” and “Beyond Lake Villages”
(FWF I-1693), plant remains from underwater excavations
and hinterland settlements are being analysed, with the goal
of reconstructing settlement activity, economy, nutrition,
and land use patterns of the Neolithic settlers (Jakobitsch
et al.
, 2019a). This research is being complemented by the
investigation of late Neolithic food remains from Austrian,
Swiss and southwest German lakeshore settlements (Heiss,
2017b; Heiss
et al.
, 2017a; Heiss
et al.
, submitted), and
extensive studies into Neolithic fshing economies of the
same region (Galik, 2009). The latter has been a desideratum
for a long time as evidence for prehistoric fshing is still
rare, and new data are dearly needed (Galik, 1999; 2008a;
2008b; 2013; Galik
et al.
, 2015; Galik and Küchelmann,
2008; Galik
et al.
, 2011; Haidvogl
et al.
, 2013; Ilon
et al.
,
2017; Yurtseva
et al.
, 2013; Yurtseva
et al.
, 2015). A project
which has recently started, combines archaeobotanical,
archaeoichthyological and palaeohygienic research in
the investigation of dog faeces from pile dwellings in the
Neolithic pile dwelling settlements Črnelnik and Stare
gmajne in the Slovenian Ljubljansko barje, highlighting the
role of fsh in domestic dogs’ diet (Tolar and Galik, 2019).
The history of fsheries and fshing generally marks a strong
research interest in A. Galik’s work. It is a topic that is
heavily infuenced by methodological choices, as the usually
very small fshbones are regularly overlooked when only
handpicking is applied in excavations instead of dry- or wet-
sieving of sediment samples (Bartosiewicz, 1988; De Cupere
et al.
, 1995; Schmölcke and Heinrich, 2006). As a local
research starting point, historical fshing and exploitation
behaviour in Austria and other countries can be defned, but
the limits are not set to historical areas. Research initiatives
into these materials are also being made in all other areas of
activity of the ÖAI.
The Bronze Age settlement in Drasenhofen, Northern
Lower Austria, has been recently published (Galik
et al.
,
2019). Incorporated into this was an archaeozoological
analysis which demonstrated that animal protein was
certainly supplied to the local populace through the
slaughtering of domesticated animals, with cattle, sheep and
goat the most important. While hunting was obviously less
important, exploitation of aquatic resources is evidenced
by the presence of fsh remains and various freshwater
mussel species. It was particularly interesting to observe the
frequent presence of so-called “sledge runners”, which are
worked animal bones, mainly made of the radii of various
mammalian species. Dietary habits, resource management,
and spatial organisation of industrial processes are currently
under investigation at the Late Bronze Age mining site of
Prigglitz-Gasteil in Lower Austria (FWF P 30289). The
Department of Bioarchaeology is mainly involved in the
investigation of the procurement strategies for timber, fuel
wood, and food (Jakobitsch
et al.
, 2019b; Trebsche
et al.
,
2019; Wiesinger
et al.
, 2019).
The large La Tène period lowland settlement of Haselbach
is part of the research focus of a long-term research project
directed by S. Fichtl (Université de Strasbourg) and
P. Trebsche (University of Innsbruck). RG Archaeobotany is
involved in the analysis and evaluation of the high resolution
microstratigraphical and archaeobotanical sampling (Heiss
and Wiesinger, 2018b), and is aimed at elucidating local
agricultural economy, and its spatial organisation.
Our anthropological research has begun to contribute
to the archaeology of the eastern Alpine region, where it
was, until now, rare for cemeteries to be comprehensively
studied. The project “Life in times of change”, fnanced
by a Hertha-Firnberg scholarship of the FWF, awarded to
M. Binder, is dedicated to research on the living conditions in
the Eastern Alps at the transition between Late Antiquity and
Early Middle Ages (5
th
/6
th
century AD), based on the human
skeletal remains from the two neighbouring cemeteries of
Hemmaberg and Globasnitz in southern Carinthia. Recording
of the osteobiographical data is being carried out by M. Srienc,
along with several students in the bioarchaeological
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Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology
at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
169
research laboratory of the ÖAI. In correlation to this
project, excavations which are being conducted by the ÖAI
at Jaunstein/Podjuna in southern Carinthia, are adding to
the human skeletal evidence for life and lifeways in the
Eastern Alps. The anthropological analysis of the skeletal
material from this site will be directly comparable to that
from Globasnitz and Hemmaberg, and will form a portion
of the PhD research of M. Srienc. In an associated project,
the unknown saint excavated at Hemmaberg in 1992, whose
skeleton is in a reliquary shrine below the altar of one of
the churches of the pilgrimage shrine, was also investigated
in a multidisciplinary project. This has now been published
in a book (Binder and Ladstätter, 2018). In co-operation
with project leader J. Eitler, the project “Cult continuity at
the summit of the Hemmaberg” (FWF – 29452-G25) started
2017, and follows the research tradition of the Institute, but
also incorporates signifcant bioarchaeological research to
understanding this complex, multi-period site (Binder
et al.
,
2016; Forstenpointner and Gernot, 1999; Gaggl, 1996;
Galik
et al.
, 2018; Heiss, 2018). This integrated research
has acquired a unique position in Austria, with a close
co-operation with the Federal Monuments Ofce, as well as
with regional museums, and has provided a wealth of new
information on this site, from the Bronze Age through the
Medieval period. In addition to these site-specifc research
projects, a joint project between the University of Warsaw
and the ÖAI is being developed, which aims to understand
the connection between the Roman road system and early
medieval migration.
In another “cult project”, the investigation of
archaeozoological fnds from a Mithras cave at Gradišče,
Figure 1.
Biological anthropologist M. Srienc.
Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail.
Figure 2.
Archaeozoologist A. Galik.
Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail
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Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology
at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
170
near St. Egyden, started in 2017 in cooperation with
P. Gleirscher (Federal Museum of Carinthia) and C. Hinker
(ÖAW-ÖAI). Both the archaeological fnds and the
archaeozoological remains make the interpretation of the
site as a Mithras sanctuary highly probable. The Department
of Bioarchaeology is contributing to a number of Roman
period projects within Austria; these specifcally concern
Roman provincial archaeology, and contribute to this often
peripheral sphere of research of the wider Roman Empire
through time.
First, we have the archaeozoological analysis of the
animal remains from
Brigantium
. The results of this analysis
allow the reconstruction of the diet in a Roman military
camp and the succeeding civil town of
Brigantium
. The
project is carried out in cooperation with G. Grabherr of
the Univ. Innsbruck as part of an FWF project (P23777).
A second project is dedicated to the animal remains from
Amphitheater I in
Carnuntum
. Most of the remains represent
domestic animals, which were certainly waste deposits.
However, bones of large predators such as bear or big cat
could represent remains from animals that were killed during
Late Antiquity animal fghts in the Amphitheatre. This project
is carried out with P. Scherrer from Karl-Franzens-Univ.
Graz, and the Archaeological park of
Carnuntum
. A project
on the rural economy in the southern part of the Roman
province of
Noricum,
in southern Austria, is in preparation
(Heiss and Wiesinger, 2018a; Hinker
et al.
, in print). Finally,
in southern
Noricum
, at the necropolis of the capital city
of
Virunum
, a Roman cemetery is being contrasted with
those of Late Antiquity and of the Middle Ages in the same
region. Anthropological assessment of the cremations and
inhumations of this well-excavated and chronologically-
detailed site will provide great potential for the in-depth
discussion of provincial Roman research questions. By
means of these approaches, fundamental information
concerning living conditions, as well as questions regarding
the late Roman-early Medieval migration movements are
expected.
Diachronic research is underway at the ÖAI within the
framework of the ongoing ERC Project PLANTCULT
(PI: S. M. Valamoti, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki;
GA 682529; see Valamoti
et al.
, 2017). This wide-reaching
and important project is dedicated to the analysis of central
European archaeologically-derived fnds of processed cereal-
based foodstufs, in order to elucidate their components
and the
chaînes opératoires
of their production (Heiss
et al.
, 2019a; Heiss
et al.
, 2017a; Heiss
et al.
, submitted;
Heiss and Gail, 2019). Another core research goal of this
project is the development of a standardised methodological
toolkit for the analysis and interpretation of this often
neglected fnd category (Heiss, 2019a). Another diachronic
study underway is the massive archaeobotanical material
campaign for 36 archaeological sites in southern Austria,
which has recently been fnalized in the Interreg-SI-AT
PalaeoDiversiStyria (Kiszter
et al.
, 2017). These data will
serve as a solid basis for future palaeoenvironmental research
initiatives in the region.
3.2 Eastern Mediterranean
With on-going excavations and a long research history,
Ephesus provides an exceptional opportunity for integrated
research from the feld to the laboratory for a wide-
range of topics, themes, and analyses. Excavations and
scientifc research have been on-going at the site since
1895, and include an ever-increasing international team of
collaborators in association with the Turkish Cultural Assets
and Museums Department. The site provides the opportunity
for diachronic research, along many avenues, but it is perhaps
anthropology which has benefted the most from this
longue
durée
of occupation. For the frst time, anthropological data
from the Bronze Age up to the Ottoman period is available
from a key antique site; and further, it can be referenced
Figure 3.
Archaeobotanists S. Wiesinger
and A. G. Heiss. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail.
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Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology
at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
171
with environmental data (see below). The spectrum of the
research extends from the creation of individual biographies
on the basis of anthropological assessment, to DNA and
isotope (carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and strontium) analyses,
and the intra- and inter-site comparisons with other central
settlements in the ancient world. The comprehensive
research strategy at Ephesus represents a key component
of understanding the ways of lives of the inhabitants of
Ephesus over time, there being three projects presently
underway: the analyses of the topography of the necropoleis;
tomb architecture and the treatment of the sarcophagi and
ostotheke; and studies of nutrition, mobility and living
conditions (Steskal
et al.
, 2015).
Essential to understanding the experiences of the Ephesians
over time is, of course, research into their diet, consumption,
and environment. In these regards, research at the Department
of Bioarchaeology is providing key new fndings through the
on-going archaeozoological and archaeobotanical research.
Archaeozoological data has long been collected at Ephesus,
to varying degrees, and this provides great research potential
for analysis of the diachronic data from the local and wider
Ephesian areas, which has evidence of settlement from the
Neolithic to the Middle Ages. This metadata ofers important
information permitting the investigation of cultural-historical
and socio-cultural developments, including changes in
animal husbandry, and the diet of the inhabitants. The use of
domestic animals and the changing environmental conditions
are being researched to complement the geoarchaeological
and geomorphological investigations (Ehlers
et al.
, 2014;
Stock
et al.
, 2016; Stock
et al.
, 2013), which includes
investigating the composition of the local wildlife fauna,
especially molluscs. Understanding fshing practices at the
Mediterranean shores through time is of signifcant interest,
and has already provided highly promising diachronic data,
which is especially fascinating in combination with data
obtained from Aegean archaeo-ichthyofaunal literature
(Bar-Yosef Mayer and Zohar, 2010; Galik
et al.
, 2010;
Mylona, 2008; 2013; Powell, 1996; Theodoropoulou, 2017a;
2017b).
The archaeobotanical research at Ephesus has also
benefted from the
longue durée
approach to excavation
and analyses at the site. The recently completed project,
“Pollen aus Ephesos” (OeNB 17134), has provided high-
resolution geoarchaeological and palaeoenvironmental –
palynological, palaeoparasitological, chemical – data from
the harbour basin in Ephesus, as well as reference data from
a less-disturbed habitat in the Ephesus region (Schwaiger
et al.
, 2018). Interdisciplinary integration of these datasets
with the archaeological and historical records has just begun
(Heiss
et al.
, 2017c; Ladstätter, 2018), but promises to
provide further information on the environment of ancient
Ephesus and its impact on the inhabitants. On-site plant
remains are the major data source for the analysis of the
high-resolution sampling carried out at the Late Antique city
quarter to the south of St. Mary’s Church. The frst results
from charcoal analysis suggest new insights into the forestry
and timber economy of Ephesus, as well as trade relations
(Heiss, 2016; Heiss
et al.
, 2017b).
Further work within the region and surrounding areas is
focused on tracing one of the most persistent and deadly
diseases in human antiquity, malaria. This project, awarded
to M. Binder in 2016 and funded by the Innovation Fund of
the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IF_2015_12), with the
title “Tracing 3000 years of Disease History” is currently
in its fnal stages, coordinated by M. Gamble. The project,
in cooperation with the Medical University of Vienna and
the Institute for Mummy Research, EURAC, Bolzano,
selected human tooth and bone samples from Roman to early
medieval sites in Lebanon, Cyprus, Egypt, and Austria, to
search for the presence of the malaria pathogen
Plasmodium
falciparum
. The aim of the project is to improve the
biomolecular methods, primarily immunoassays and aDNA,
Figure 4.
A look into the botanical reference
collection. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail.
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Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology
at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
172
used to identify malaria in the past, and discuss the contextual
investigation of the efects of malaria on historical and
cultural processes in Europe and the Mediterranean region.
3.3 Balkans peninsula and continental Greece
A project based at the ÖAI since 2018 is dedicated to the
question of transformations in the material culture, and also
to the issue of burial customs in early Iron Age Greece and
their ties to the Balkan region. This project is on-going with
existing agreements in place with partners in Serbia, Kosovo
and Albania. S. Gimatzidis has led a team examining ‘Death
and Burial Between the Aegean and Balkans’ in the Iron
Age, funded by the FWF (P 30475). This multi-disciplinary
study takes anthropological data as a key element in the
interpretations regarding social change and hierarchy during
this transitional period. Biological sex, as well as family
and other kin relationships of individuals from selected
necropoleis, along with strontium isotope analyses are being
conducted to understand the social organisation of the local
communities.
The long-term research activities of the ÖAI in eastern
Achaia (northern Peloponnese) have resulted in immense
amounts of available bioarchaeological study materials,
in particular at the late Bronze Age coastal site of Aigeira
(Forstenpointner
et al.
, 2006; Heiss, 2017a; Schachl, 2006).
Together with the inland high-altitude site of Lousoi (Baier
et al.
, 2019; Heiss, 2019b), and the inland river-valley sites
of Leontion and Kynaitha/Kalavryta, Aigeira will form one of
the focal points of a planned interdisciplinary research project.
4. Department facilities
The ÖAI operates the largest archaeological library in Austria,
and has extensive archives and collections at its disposal,
available to researchers and students. The Department of
Bioarchaeology additionally harbours a digital collection of
c. 11,000 ofprints and books. These resources are available
for scholars at the ÖAI, along with the laboratories which
have been established at the Institute in the last few years,
and are continually growing and improving.
The anthropological laboratory was established in 2015 at
the ÖAI in Vienna and provides a well-equipped space for
researchers to carry out their macroscopic and microscopic
analyses. There is an extensive reference library and
comparative material for bone and tooth identifcation. The
laboratory has facilities for cleaning and processing human
skeletal material for analysis, aided by the close proximity
of the conservation and restoration department. The ÖAI
currently curates a large collection of skeletal material from
the excavations at Globasnitz and Hemmaberg (Carinthia,
Austria), alongside skeletal material from its excavations
at Jaunstein in Vienna. The application of more complex
analytical methods such as biomolecular investigations
(stable isotopes, aDNA) or visualisations (SEM, X-ray,
CT) is made possible through co-operations with external
institutions.
An archaeozoological research laboratory with broad
comparative collections was established at the ÖAI in
Vienna in 2016. It is equipped with magnifer lamps and
one SZX stereo microscope (magnifcations up to 63-fold),
which come with a high-resolution digital camera (Olympus
UC90). Previously, in 2015, another laboratory and extensive
comparative collection was set-up, in cooperation with the
Institute of Topographical Anatomy of the University of
Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, to aid in faunal identifcation
work at the feld laboratory of the ÖAI in Selçuk/Ephesus.
Such reference collections are indispensable for the daily
archaeozoological identifcation of animal remains, and they
can also be used for the education and training of students.
The bone collection at the ÖAI also contains various
marine and freshwater fsh species which are used for the
identifcation of archaeological fsh remains.
In early 2017, a fully-equipped archaeobotanical
laboratory was established at the ÖAI in Vienna, embedded
within the infrastructure of the Department of Restoration
and Conservation. Our in-house faculties cover macroforal
analysis (of various plant materials in charred, mineralised,
desiccated, and waterlogged state), as well as histological
methods, applied to processed food remains and wood/
charcoal analysis. The laboratory working spaces are
equipped with a high-resolution digital camera (Olympus
UC90), two Olympus SZX stereo microscopes, which are
available for macrofossil analysis, and an Olympus BX53
microscope with transmitted and refected light options
(bright feld, dark feld, magnifcation up to 50-fold)
for histological identifcations of wood, charcoal, plant
epidermises, and processed foodstufs. Flotation devices are
available for feldwork, and our wet lab also allows for indoor
bucket fotation. Charring experiments can be conducted
with a Nabertherm L 5/13/B410 mufe furnace. The
botanical reference collection is based on the materials from
A. G. Heiss’ collection activities during the past 15 years,
supported by close cooperation and exchange agreements
with the University of Innsbruck, the University of Vienna,
the University of Applied Arts Vienna, BOKU Vienna, the
Natural History Museum Vienna (NHM), the University
of Hohenheim, and the KU Leuven. The bulk of the
collection currently comprises c. 3,400 specimens of seeds
and fruits mainly of central European and Mediterranean
plants. These are complemented by special collections of
woods (c. 200 specimens) and mosses (c. 100 accessions).
Archaeobotanical materials from archaeological excavations
in central Europe and the Mediterranean are stored at the ÖAI
depending on the agreements with the respective excavating
institutions.
5. Integration, outreach and future interdisciplinary
research
While the Department of Bioarchaeology at the ÖAI is still
in its infancy, it is already showing the benefts of having
an integrated biological sciences department within an
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Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology
at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
173
archaeological research institute. Within this framework,
archaeologists and specialists are able to collaborate to
improve excavation and sampling which allows for the
consideration of complex, problem-oriented research
questions, which further elucidate the past. Through
the incorporation of anthropology, archaeozoology, and
archaeobotany, the ÖAI is discussing a wide-range of socio-
cultural, socio-economic, and historical-biological themes
relating to diet, environment, trade, social stratifcation,
landscape and land-usage, health, disease, and many other
topics in the past. Through the Research Groups’ thematic
approaches, data from a variety of sources can be integrated
to provide a more nuanced understanding of lives, lifeways,
and environment in the past.
Within each discipline, our current research projects
cover the diachronic investigation of subsistence economies,
crop choices and agricultural and animal management
regimes, likewise of food choices and cuisine in central
Europe and the Mediterranean. This explicitly ties in with
the analyses of human remains through stable isotope and
palaeopathological research, and contributes to a more
detailed picture of past populations. Collaborations with
external partners in geoarchaeology and palynology provide
proxy data on landscape dynamics, climate and vegetation
history, and help build the environmental framework
of ancient settlements, which in turn impacts on the
understanding of the archaeozoological remains of these
settlements and land-use, and the lifeways of the people
living there. This intersection of biology and culture is key to
determining socio-cultural aspects such as socio-economic
position, identity, ethnic afliation, and religious beliefs or
cosmology of an individual (or of a community).
A long-term goal is to intensify national and international
collaborations in order to establish the department as
a scientifc hub for bioarchaeological research in ÖAI
excavations, as well as in projects of partner institutions. The
Department is part of the ÖAI’s strategy of disseminating
and establishing high-standard interdisciplinary research
methods in Austria’s classical archaeological research.
Our innovative strength is, to a large extent, based on our
international networks – resulting in collaborations with
experts in palynology, ancient DNA, stable isotopes,
biomolecular archaeology, parasitology, geochemistry and
geoarchaeology – and on the integration of scientifc methods
into Prehistoric, Classical and Byzantine archaeology.
The Department of Bioarchaeology at the ÖAI is very
keen to support education and training within the respective
disciplines. There is the possibility of internships in the
bioarchaeological laboratories of the ÖAI and support for
Masters and PhD students undertaking research associated
with ÖAI projects. The Department strives for the increased
integration of specialists on archaeological excavations
as well as a better understanding and awareness of the
professional handling of human remains in the feld.
6. Further reading on the web
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Institute logo.
Annual Reports of the Austrian Archaeological Institute
:
https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/public
-
relations/annual
-
reports/
The Department for Bioarchaeology
and its Research
Groups:
https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/institute/units/bioarch
aeology/
•
Anthropology and Necropoleis
:
https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/research/anthropol
ogy
-
and
-
necropoleis/
•
Archaeozoology
:
https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/research/archaeoz
oology/
•
Archaeobotany
:
https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/research/archaeob
otany/
The
Department for Bioarchaeology
on ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/lab/Department
-
of
-
Bioarchaeology
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Alfred
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Galik
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